There is a massive skill barrier that you simply can not remove. New players will get absolutely demolished every single time unless they start practicing for a LOOOOONG while until they can actually put up a fight to experienced players. A really big time investment nobody finds appealing anymore, just to be able to play on the same level. I don't see a way you can circumvent this, sadly. Especially if the experienced players shieldrun so you literally can not win as the rare times you take out the shield doesn't even give you an opportunity to do good damage.
Turret zoom/steer is really negative, have to agree with Yber. Turret zoom/steer makes it so much more difficult vs caps. Snubs are absolutely useless against gunboats that have knowledge on how to play unless you have 3-5 players on one (to be fair, gunboats are immune to practically anything except other gunboats as caps can't hit them and snubs can't tank their rapid, fast velocity fire).
-LFs are rarely ever used. I don't even know how to use them. They just die to mines and that's it. Their damage is rather low as well. There's just no reason to use it over the other classes.
-HFs are mine magnets as well, 70% of flying a HF is just dodging mines because they'll instantly nuke 95% of your health, or all of it if you dared to have unrepaired damage in a fight.
-VHFs are really the easiest to fly since they allow mistakes and have great firepower.
-Light bombers pose -SOME- danger to everything, I find them really fun to fly until I encounter shieldrunners. They are absolutely worthless against armoured transports, it takes very long to kill one that is firing back and moving to the point where they'll reach safety anyway and are able to fly like 40-80k distance on thruster.
-Heavy bombers I don't know about, they die easily to everything and I'm not sure if their power core is worth that downside.
I think doing something about mines (either nerfing them to the point where they don't 1-shot certain ships or altering them in some other way) would be a step in the right direction. Since turret stuff won't be touched I have nothing to add about caps. Fighters shouldn't be able to damage them except gunboats at a fair rate, though. I'd honestly love to see LFs more.. useable and not an instant suicide.
And yes, I'm speaking from the sa-lty (mostly) average pvp skill player side here.