Not all caps are fine. There's no difference between Cruisers and Destroyers or between Battleships, Dreadnoughts and Carriers. My idea focuses mainly on making each class unique in its role. This is a chain of idea that started from the Carriers modifications. In order to make the carriers unique, I needed to nerf other caps of their ability to use docking modules. While at that I imagined that a further split between classes would be possible. Specializing each class to accomplish a certain task during a battle brings more diversity than having one ship performing all the roles.
About weapons, yes, they'd also need a change. In a few words, the idea would be for each class to have it's own class of weapons and those should not be interchangeable. For example, this is how I imagined the Destroyers vs Cruisers differences Destroyer with 7 turret mounts
4 Heavy slots
Heavy slots could mount [specifically designed for destroyers] weapons like: Pulse, Mortar, Heavy Torpedo (in general weapons with high energy usage and powerful)
3 Regular slots
Regular slots could mount [specifically designed for destroyers] weapons like: Basic Cruiser Turrets, solaris, flaks, missiles
The powercore should be able to allow the DDs to fire all 4 heavy slots at once and then "reload".
Cruiser with 10 turret mounts
1 Heavy slots
9 Regular slots
We might even have a Light slot for solaris-like weapons and keep the regular slots for something with more punch. The range should also play a very important role.